Definition and Examples of Exclusive We

In English grammar, exclusive we is the use of first-person plural pronouns (we, us, our, ours, ourselves) to refer only to the speaker or writer and his or her associates, not to the person(s) addressed. For example, Dont call us; well call you. In contrast to inclusive we, exclusive we does not include the audience or the reader. Often (but not always), exclusive we occurs when the first-person plural is used in the company of a second-person pronoun (you, yours, yourself, yourselves).   The term clusivity was recently coined to denote the phenomenon of inclusive-exclusive distinction (Elena Filimonova, Clusivity, 2005). Examples and Observations: Im especially fond of the inclusive and exclusive we. Thats a distinction between Were going to the movies. Are you ready yet? and Were going to the movies. See you later!—in other words, between being invited to the party and being a third wheel.Its particularly useful when you want to switch back and forth between the two: Im writing to you on behalf of my colleagues. We (exclusive) are wondering if youd be interested in collaborating with us (exclusive). We (inclusive) could accomplish great things together! We (exclusive) hope to hear from you soon about the future of us (inclusive)!(Gretchen McCulloch, Four Features From Other Languages That We Wish English Had. Slate, October 24, 2014)Defenders of Earth: we have come for your natural resources to rebuild our damaged planet. When we have transported all we need, we will leave your world in peace. For such peace to exist, you must immediately exile the Autobot rebels you have harbored. Non-negotiable! Renounce the rebels. We await your reply.(Leonard Nimoy as the voice of Sentinel Prime in the movie Transformers: Dark of the Moon, 2011)All we ask is that you make use of these ships. Sail them back to Westeros where you belong, and leave us to conduct our affairs in peace.(George Georgiou as Razdal mo Eraz in The Bear and the Maiden Fair. Game of Thrones, 2013 Khrushchev: Many things youve shown us are interesting, but they are not needed in life. They have no useful purpose. They are merely gadgets. We have a saying: if you have bedbugs you have to catch one and pour boiling water into the ear.Nixon: We have another saying. This is, that the way to kill a fly is to make it drink whiskey. But we have better use for whiskey.(Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev and American president Richard Nixon in the Kitchen Debate, July 24, 1959. Richard Nixon: Speeches, Writings, Documents, ed. by Rick Perlstein. Princeton University Press, 2008Well, all along, I guess, I thought we didnt have much of a life. You kno w, I felt we--well, not you, but the rest of us--were rejects. In fact, they actually had me believing that I was totally undeserving, and I was supposed to be missing out on even the basics.(Sky Lee, Bellydancer. Raincoast Books, 2002For the present, let us return to the experiment with the opium. We have decided that you leave off the habit of smoking from this moment.(Wilkie Collins, The Moonstone, 1868You heard Santos-Dumont talking about going to St. Louis and winning a prize? Im damned if he will, not while weve got time to build an airship of our own.What do you mean we?Why Fitz, you dont think wed leave you out? Were letting you in on the ground floor as our first investor, and youll get your share of the prize money in St. Louis.(Walter J. Boyne, Dawn Over Kitty Hawk: The Novel of the Wright Brothers. Forge, 2003) The Top-Down Approach - Exclusive we . . . excludes the reader since it suggests an us-them relationship. Its use may make a text appear authoritarian as it underlines opinions of or actions undertaken by a group external to the addressee.(Anne Barron, Public Information Messages. John Benjamins, 2012)- The exclusive we implicitly sets up a hierarchical power relation and points to the top-down approach in instituting change.(Aaron Koh, Tactical Globalization. Peter Lang, 2010) Combinations of Inclusive We and Exclusive We Biber et al. (1999: 329) assert that the meaning of the first person plural pronoun [we] is often vague: we usually refers to the speaker/writer and the addressee (inclusive we), or to the speaker/writer and some other person or persons associated with him/her (exclusive we). The intended reference can even vary in the same context. Inclusive and exclusive we can be used to create a perspective of: I the speaker you the addressee(s) in the immediate context (inclusive we) and I the speaker someone else not in the immediate context (exclusive we). . . . Understanding speaker identity is crucial to understanding context . . .. (Elaine Vaughan and Brian Clancy, Small Corpora and Pragmatics. Yearbook of Corpus Linguistics and Pragmatics 2013: New Domains and Methodologies, ed. by Jesà ºs Romero-Trillo. Springer, 2013) Grammatical Features Associated With Inclusive We and Exclusive We [A]lthough the distinction between an inclusive/exclusive  we is not morphologically marked in English, Scheibmanns (2004) analysis of conversational utterances in the first person plural has shown that different referential values of we may be signaled by the differential employment of other formal features of the utterance. More specifically, an inclusive interpretation of we was found to favor employment of present tense and modal verbs, while exclusive interpretations of we appear more frequently with past tense and fewer modal verbs. (Theodossia-Soula Pavlidou, Constructing Collectivity With We: An Introduction. Constructing Collectivity: We Across Languages and Contexts, ed. by Theodossia-Soula Pavlidou. John Benjamins, 2014) Read More Discourse Analysis Editorial  We,  Inclusive  We, and  Royal  We First-Person Point of View  and  First-Person Pronouns PragmaticsSociolinguistics

Mental Health and Cyberbullying - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1294 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Bullying Essay Cyber Bullying Essay Did you like this example? Education and mental illness, two very different but prominent aspects of our society today. But, they might not be so different after all. In today’s society we are seeing an increase in both of these areas especially in the teenage age range. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mental Health and Cyberbullying" essay for you Create order Today, mental illness is the second leading disability in our world. A study performed in 2017 showed that 7.4% of youth in the United States were experiencing severe depression, this may not sound like a large part of our society but it truly is when we are thinking about this being the children of our world. Then, put it into a greater perspective when you connect it with this astonishing fact. In 1999, when homeschooling was not as prominent, approximately 850,000 students in America were being homeschooled, 1.7% of total students. By 2012, this number jumped to 1.77 million students being homeschooled, this equaling to 3.4% of all students in the United States where to this day that number continues to stay right around. If 3.4% of students country-wide is equal to 1.77 million students, we’re looking at close to 4 million children/teenagers dealing with mental illness in just the United States. So now you may be wondering how the two are exactly connected, and that is what I am here to further explore. Is there a connection between the two, and if so what kind of connection? What I wanted to look deeper into was the overall amount of children/teenagers in schooling dealing with mental illness. Then my next question to look further into was, are the children developing these mental illnesses possibly developing these mental illnesses because of the form of education they are getting? So I decided I would to compare the mental illness statistics in public education and in homeschooling. The common association with school in general is that perhaps you have to actually like it and be a good student to be able to enjoy it, right? It makes sense, if a student struggles to enjoy what they are learning and struggles with the actual material, they are less likely to be happy at least in school. From what studies have shown, the less connected the students are to being at school and in the classroom (in public education), the more likely they are to go down the wrong path either with mental illness, substance abuse, or not finishing their high school career. This means children/teens may dread having to wake up on those school days, which then turns into an eventual hate for going to school every day. These are all starting issues eventually lead to depression in these children/young teenagers. These issues are not new, however, there have always been students who have hated school. So then why is this generation making a jump in the mental illness area? â€Å"Behavioral health has become a public health crisis. No other public health crises are as widespread or contribute as much to the burden of illness in the U.S. as do behavioral health disorders. By 2020, mental and substance use disorders will surpass all physical diseases worldwide as major causes of disability.† The answer to all of this? Technology. To some this may come as a surprise, but to me and I’m sure most of today’s society, it all makes sense. Today teens are using technology more than ever, especially because it is an ever-growing part of our society. The issue is that they rely on it too heavily, and studies have begun to show the drop in face to face social interaction between teenagers and their friends dropping noticeably after 2011. Thinking back to the time of 2011, smartphones were really making their big break out into the popularity of our society at the time, and because of this it was easier than ever for students to communicate with each other without actually hanging out, it was simpler, they relied on it too heavily and it created social and mental issues within these teens inside the school environment. This then leads into the increase in homeschooling today. Children/teenagers who are regularly feeling anxious, stressed, or depressed in high school often feel homeschooling is the safer route for them to take, and if they do not feel this way, their parents do strongly. Of course, there are other reasons for parents to want their children homeschooled, for example, if they do not agree with the material being taugh t, or if they do not think it is safe to send their child to a public education system. I have found that public education is actively causing mental illness, but this does not necessarily mean that homeschooling is the answer and that public education is to be blamed solely for mental illness in children and teens. So after successfully finding that public education can cause these problems, I started to look into the statistics of homeschooling. I quickly found that I would not be able to clearly answer my question on whether one is causing mental illnesses more than the other. When looking into mental illness tied to homeschooling, what I found is that it is not just tied to the homeschooling, but to the community these students are being homeschooled in. Statistically, many areas that are high in the homeschooling practice are of Christian faith, more conservative, religious, regions. Many may wonder why, but it has been proven statistically that actively practicing Christians are at a higher risk of developing these mental illnesses. Why, you may ask? The answer is simply for the reason that it has been found that the practicing conservative Christians do not take the time to actively practice and acknowledge the idea and importance of mental illness. This includes the overall education of mental illness as well as the importance of speaking about personal mental health issues. Due to this, these students are more prone to developing these disabilities because they do not know how to properly handle them. Society in general has created this stigma over time assuming that if we do not talk about mental illness it will simply go away, and this practice is even more prominent for those a part of the conservative Christian practice. This is because of their overall practice with faith, and in the most severe of these practices they often do not believe in taking medications that would alter the way your brain works or your emotions are controlled. In most cases, they actually find taking these medications to be a sin against God and their faith. In fact, 41% of Christians questioned by a Baylor University study said that they were told by someone in their Christian practice that their mental illness was not real. Going into this topic, I expected to come out finding a strong, solid answer that homeschooling is causing mental illness more so than the public education system due to the lack of socialization skills caused through the practice. To me, it seemed like a simple answer, homeschooled children are not surrounded by other children daily therefore they do not have the opportunity to practice their socialization skills. But instead, I actually found quite the opposite. I can not stand firmly and say that one form of education is causing mental illness than the other because there is research proving that both do quite frequently. However, from what I have gathered through this process the public education system seems to link closer to mental illness disabilities more so than homeschooling. This may be because there is more research done on public education, or if it is the opposite and there just is not enough research on homeschooling children. Either way, this growing issue of mental i llness within education of children and teenagers is its own issue that needs to be worked on in today’s society.

The Awakening By Kate Chopin - 1492 Words

The Awakening is a story written by Kate Chopin, which is taking place in the late 18th century at a vacation place called Grand Isle. The story talks about a woman and her â€Å"awakening†. The Awakening is illustrating the female hero’s life, Edna Pontellier, where she is dealing with life problems such as defining what she really wants and what has priority in her life. The hero in The Awakening is Edna Pontellier, a married woman with two children which she does not care much about. Not only that Edna Pontellier does not care much about her children, in addition, she also does not care much about her husband. One day Edna Pontellier woke up and figured out that her freedom as an individual is more important to her than her duties as a wife and mother. Whereby, she developed a crush on another man, Robert Lebrun, and furthermore, she has at the same time an affair with another man, Alcee Arobin, while Robert Lebrun was gone. During the story the reader gets also intr oduced with Edna Pontellier’s friends and guide’s Adele Ratignolle, who is a very carrying woman, who loves her children and her husband, and Mademoiselle Reisz, who is the complete opposite of Adele Ratignolle since she is selfish and very cold to other people besides Edna Pontellier. Both are responsible for Edna’s â€Å"awakening† throughout the story. Already early in the book the reader can see that Edna Pontellier really does not care much about her children. One such example is when Raul, one of her children, hadShow MoreRelatedThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1479 Words   |  6 PagesKate Chopin’s controversial novel, The Awakening, ignited turmoil because of her blatant disregard of the established 19th century perspective of women upholding strictly maternal and matrimonial responsibilities. Edna’s candid exploration of the restrictions on women through her liberal behavior in a conservative Victorian society makes her a literary symbol for feminist ideals. Despite denunciation from other people, Edna chooses individuality over conformity through her veering from traditionalRead MoreThe Awakening by Kate Chopin1102 Words   |  5 Pagesveracity of this quote as both find their independence by boldly exceeding the norm. Their stories were fashioned during a period of great change and both characters are hallmarks of the hope and power women were unearthing at the time. The Awakening by Kate Chopin and Tess of the D’Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy are novels concerned with the transformation of women’s roles in society. Their protagonists, Tess and Edna, are not outright feminists, but they are acutely aware of the limitations imposed uponRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1919 Words   |  8 PagesIn the novel, The Awakening, by Kate Chopin, we see how much of an importance the men in Edna’s life serve as a purpose to her awakening. Chopin is known to write stories about women who are unsatisfied with their lives while living in a life that is dominated by men. Other than Edna, the main men characters are typical men of the late 19th century era. Chopin shows how these three men are diverse from one another. The Creole men are Là ©once Pontellier, Edna’s husband, Robert, Edna’s mystery man numberRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin901 Words   |  4 Page scandidly. Kate Chopin is honorably amongst this group of authors. Her works divinely portrayed the culture of New Orleans and the lives of Louisiana s Creole and Cajun residents. Chopin openly express her views on sex, marriage, and the injustices of women during the time. Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, best exemplifies the contextual achievement of realism through the rejection of conformity, the exploration of love, and the weight of social opinion on individual choices. The Awakening is publishedRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1222 Words   |  5 Pages The Awakening By: Kate Chopin Emely Maldonado AP LIT Period 3 Topic 3 Maldonado 1 Displacement The late 1800s and the 1900s was a prison for woman’s individuality. During this time period, stereotypical views of women were commenced by society and men. In the era that the novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin was published, the gender roles were graved in stone, men would work to maintain their family and women would adhere to the house-hold duties. Dissatisfaction with theRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1193 Words   |  5 PagesDavian Hart The Awakening By: Kate Chopin AP Literature Topic 3 Hart 1 Over the course of time the male species has always been the gender to attain the more favorable conditions. Numerous cultures heed to the belief that the man is the provider and head of his family. This machismo nature can condition the mind to believe that a man should feel superior to a woman. The continuous cycle of male superiority flows down from father to son subconsciously. Do to this unceasingRead MoreThe Awakening, By Kate Chopin887 Words   |  4 Pages Feminism has been a term used by many authors and writers for centuries, symbolizing women being able to use freedom the way they want to, not the way others want them to use it. Edna Pontellier, the main character in Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, experiences an â€Å"awakening† in her life, where she discovers her position in the universe and goes in this direction instead of what others like her husband Leonce tell her to take, similar to the style of feminism. â€Å"In short, Mrs. Pontellier was beg inningRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1427 Words   |  6 Pagessuffering an imposition (Moderata). Throughout history, the inherent inferiority of women to men has often been cited as a way to deter women from becoming an individual and pursuing more in life. This notion is a prevalent issue in The Awakening by Kate Chopin; in which Edna fights to live her own way and is ultimately unable to survive in the cage of society. Not only has this supposed inferiority effected women for generations, but it has created inequality in our society today; especially inRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin1633 Words   |  7 Pages1. Title of text (underline novels/plays) author’s name The Awakening by Kate Chopin 2. Characterization Character Development (a) 1.Edna Pontellier- Edna is the main character of the novel who is married to a businessman. Edna is a dynamic character because at the beginning of the novel, she conforms to society by being the â€Å"perfect† mother and wife; however, Edna suddenly realizes that she is no longer happy with the way she was living her life and began to become independent only for herRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin915 Words   |  4 PagesMany of Kate Chopin’s writings are trademarked by her unique, deliberate word choices. Chopin uses phrases that do not make sense and seem to contradict themselves to get across a point. In two of her stories, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and â€Å"The Awakening,† Chopin’s word usage highlights the idea of self-discovery. â€Å"The Awakening† and â€Å"The Story of an Hour† share similar themes. â€Å"The Awakening† is the story of a woman in the late 1800s discovering her apathy for her traditional female role as a wife

The Theory Of The Social Learning Theory - 1339 Words

Albert Bandura a Canadian psychologist that was curious to know whether or not humans learn through the actions of others (Berk, 2013, p.14). The social learning theory brings up the question whether, playing violent video games or watching violent films can provoke being violent. Charles Darwin a British naturalist observed an endless change among animal species and plants. He noticed, it’s impossible for an animal to be completely identical as another animal of the same species. Darwin found that early prenatal development is similar in various species, while other scientists doubted Darwin’s theory. This led to a trend focusing on child studies. Stanley Hall and Arnold Gesell both American psychologists, described development as a maturational process. A genetically destined series of events that unravels automatically, like a flower. This led to the normative approach, in that measures of behavior are derived from a sample of people and calculated to generalize a re presentation in development (Berk, 2013, p.11). Research later sought to figure out individualistic development rather than the general population. Sigmund Freud a Viennese physician constructed the psychosexual theory. It focuses on how parents control their child’s sexual and aggressive drives in their first few years, which is crucial for healthy personality development. The theory has three parts of the personality, id,ego and superego that combine during five stages. Erik Erikson improved Freud’s idea, inShow MoreRelatedSocial Learning Theory And Social Theory1133 Words   |  5 Pagesare many theories in the field of criminology that seek to explain the reasons behind why people commit crimes. Social process theory is one such theory and asserts that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others (Schmalleger, 2012). There are four types of social process theories including: social learning theory, social control theory, labeling theory, and drama turgical perspective. This paper will explore two of the theories including social learning theory and social controlRead MoreSocial Learning Theory : Social Theory936 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Learning Theory Social learning theory determines that an individual learn as they move along their cognitive process(Bandura,1963). Such person studied the context of social structure, interaction, and situation produces when committing a crime. Similarly as rational choice theory, they weight the cost and reward before conducting the crime, yet there has been a long period of time of learning for the individual with social learning theory. He or she is more likely to be exposed to a personRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Learning Theory938 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst developed the social learning theory, he was interested in discovering how individuals change the way they behave based on who is around them. The theory suggests that children learn from watching the behaviors of others and imitating, or modeling, those actions (Dolgin, p. 40). While parents continue to be the most likely person children model throughout their lives, friends and peers increase their role during adolescence. Bandura e xpanded on his social learning theory by using Skinner’sRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Learning Theory980 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Learning theory is one of the most widely researched theories because it attempts to explain the origins of criminal behavior. Albert Bandura was one of the pioneers of this approach. His main point was that criminals are not ‘born’ criminals; rather individuals learn to be criminals through a process of learning, which occurs as a result of experiences. (Akers, 1990:3). However, this paper’s focus is not on Bandura’s theory rather it is on Ronald Aker’s theory that explores which associationsRead MoreThe Theory Of The Social Learning Theory2061 Words   |  9 PagesThe act of learning is an innate characteristic belonging to people across the globe. Learning can take place in many different forms (reading, writing, speaking, listening, excellency in a particular skill, etc.) and settings, generalizing from on e content area to another. It also occurs at varying rates across a diverse spectrum of populations and can be influenced by any number of factors including personalities, perceived abilities, societal values and environment. Some individuals acquireRead MoreThe Theory Of The Social Learning Theory Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pagesothers, experiences, learning, and hobbies become more enjoyable. This allows one to advance in their interpersonal development and leads them to their personal fulfillment in life. The Social Learning Theory, a concept originally created by Vygotsky, states that learning happens through talk, activities, projects, and that one learns from others (Dieu). One important factor of this is the Zone of Proximal Development. This consists of a low, medium and difficult learning zone, and working at aRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Learning Theory1955 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay will demonstrate a knowledge and understanding and discuss the concept of social learning theory, whilst taking into consideration and explaining the way children learn and develop. This essay will focus on the overall concept of this theory and will explore the work of the theorist Albert Bandura and how he contributes to the role of the adult and their understanding of social learning. This essay will then examine the work of Urie Bronfenbrenner in relation to the work of Bandura. UsingRead MoreSocial Learning Theory839 Words   |  3 Pagesthis assignment, I will be studying social lea rning theory. Social learning theory was first proposed by Albert Bandura. It is a theory that emphasizes the importance of observing and modeling the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others, (Social Learning Theory, n.d.). There are three main hypotheses of social learning theory. First, the theory assumes that people can learn by observing others (Cherry, n.d.). Second, social learning theory builds on behaviorism by suggesting thatRead MoreSocial Learning Theory 1741 Words   |  7 Pagesthat social learning theory is an expanded theory of differential association processes and improves it with differential reinforcement and other principles of the behavior theory. They added classical conditioning (the sharpening of involuntary reflex behavior); discriminative stimuli (internal stimuli that lead to signals for behavior); schedules of reinforcement (rewards and punishment ratio following behavioral feedback); and other theories of behavior (Akers Sellers, 2013). Akers’ social learningRead MoreThe And Social Learning Theory1246 Words   |  5 Pagesthis essay I will talk how behaviourism and social learning theory contribute to our understanding of learning, the strengths and weaknesses of the theories of Psychologists B F Skinner and Stanley Milgram and also critically discuss the limitations of their theories. Then finally weigh up how Skinner has impacted the understanding of behaviour. How Behaviourism and Social Learning Theory contribute to the understanding of learning Behaviourism is the theory that human beings and animals can be conditioned

Education and Economic Aspect English Free Essays

As we know in this modern era English has been an international language, English has been used by many country in the world, English also used in international events, such as seminar, public discussion, conference, and treaty, the importance of English language can be seen and felt in everywhere such as: economy aspect, social aspect and educational aspect. First is economic aspect English is the dominant business language and it has become almost a necessity for all people to speak English if they are want to enter a global workforce, research from all over the world shows that the business communication is the most often conducted in English. It is very importance in the global market place to learning English because to join our dream’s jobs in any country, especially in an English-speaking country, we must be fluent in this language. We will write a custom essay sample on Education and Economic Aspect English or any similar topic only for you Order Now Whether we are an aspiring doctor, engineer, academician, sportsperson, like students, businessmen, player’s, service holders Etc, we must learn English to progress in our field, So English language is really important for every occupation. And the second is social aspect; communication is the most important aspect to know our social, because with communication we will know the condition in our society, some countries use English as their mother tongue, English is language of communication between the people with different cultures, it is also the language of computers that help to communicate with the people around the world through Internet technology and e-mail. But we have to know that almost all computing operating systems, programs, software, etc are dominated by English language. So knowing English will help us to get information from other world. And the last is education aspect; education is one of the important aspects in our life because Education is the key to a person’s future. If we have a good education it will help us to achieve all types of goals and to reach our goals we have to study until high level and in this modern era if we want to continue our higher education we must learn English because most of the higher education books are in English. Language is the medium of expressing thought and feelings to others. English is the International language. People of the countries of the world speak English as a common language. As a result English has become the language of communication, higher studies science and technology. It is also the language of business and diplomacy. Without English no one can go to a foreign country. It is also necessary to get a good job. So all kinds of people like students, businessmen, player’s, service holders, doctor, engineer, academician, sportsperson and etc, must learn communicative English to make progress in their life. Without communicative English no one can shine in life, so, in my opinion we should give much stress in learning English from the very beginning, even thought there are many people said that English is difficult but I think it is not? We just need dedicate some time on regular basis to learning English. How to cite Education and Economic Aspect English, Papers

The Effects of Racism and Misogyny in Othello free essay sample

Race and gender heavily influence the course of peoples’ lives. Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello† depicts a society in which racist and misogynist behaviour informs and affects how characters are perceived and treated. Women in the play are viewed by men as objects, available for their possession and use. The constant subtle and overt racism that Othello encounters throughout the play contribute to his downfall. The unjust treatment of women and people of colour in â€Å"Othello† is proof that their society is one of racism and misogyny. Male characters in the play perceive women as objects to possess and use as they see fit. Unwed women were considered the property of their fathers until marriage, and this is how Brabantio views Desdemona in the play. This is demonstrated when Brabantio discovers Desdemona’s marriage to Othello and says to her, â€Å"‘Gentle mistress;/ Do you perceive in all this noble company where most you owe obedience? ’† (1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Racism and Misogyny in Othello or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. 176-178). In this quote, Brabantio is asking Desdemona if she has married Othello, in which case she would be expected to show obedience towards him instead of Brabantio. Women were expected to be obedient to the whims of whoever they were perceived as belonging to, whether that was their husband or their father. Unwed women who exercise sexual freedom are treated with little to no respect. This is illustrated when Iago speaks of Cassio’s relationship with his mistress, Bianca, saying, â€Å"‘A huswife selling her desires/ buys herself bread and clothes: it is a creature / that dotes on Cassio/ †¦ / He, when he hears of her, cannot refrain/ from the excess of laughter. ’†(4. 1. 94-99). Iago states that Bianca is a prostitute who is in love with Cassio, despite the fact that Cassio does not respect her. One can infer that Bianca relies on Cassio for her living and wants to marry him, however, likely unbeknownst to her, Cassio laughs at her with his friends, is solely using her for sex, and likely has no intention of marrying her whatsoever. Emilia, the only other female character in the play, is very aware of this dynamic between women and men. This becomes indisputable when Emilia says, â€Å"’They are all but stomachs, and we all but food;/ they eat us hungrily, and when they are full,/ they belch us. ’† (3. 4. 98-103). Emilia remarks on the way men usewomen with a lack of reverence, treating them as food to consume when they want and to throw away when they are finished. This statement is an accurate metaphor for Bianca and Cassio’s relationship, but also for that of Emilia and her verbally abusive husband, Iago. Every female character in Othello faces disrespect, mistreatment and misogyny from the men in their lives. Racism is prevalent and poignant i n Venetian society. Iago uses racist language to amplify the anger in Brabantio when he reports on Desdemona’s marriage to Othello. Iago shouts, â€Å"‘Even now, now, very now, an old black ram/ is tupping your white ewe. ’†(1. 1. 89-90). Iago uses racial slurs to his advantage, by calling Othello â€Å"an old black ram† he is referring to the Elizabethan-period belief that black men were animalistic sexually, and he is trying to anger Brabantio with the imagery of his daughter sleeping with an older black man. Brabantio’s racism is the dominant reason for his reaction to Desdemona and Othello’s marriage. This is evident when he claims, â€Å"‘She, in spite of nature,/ of years, of country, credit, every thing,/ to fall in love with what she fear’d to look on?’†(1. 3. 96-98). In this quote, Brabantio is trying to explain that the idea of Desdemona falling in love with Othello is unnatural, due to her upbringing, and that she was afraid to interact with or even look at people of colour. He believes that it would be impossible for Desdemona to fall in love with Othello so fiercely that he thinks Othello must have bewitched Desdemona for her to fall in love with him. The racism that Othello encounters becomes internalized by the end of the play. After Othello comes to the realization that Desdemona was in fact faithful, he says, â€Å"‘Like the base Indian, threw a pearl away. ’†(5. 2. 343) Othello is comparing himself to a â€Å"base† or uncivilized aboriginal. Throughout the play, Othello fixates on Desdemona’s whiteness, after he murders her, and is told she was never unfaithful, he once again compares her to a perfect, white pearl, and it is notable that pearls are associated with purity. This constant onslaught of racism that Othello faces leads to him acting in the very racial stereotype he was perceived as throughout the play. Racism and misogyny are the factors with the most impact when it comes to the treatment of women and people of colour in â€Å"Othello†. Women are used by men as if they were objects for their gratification. Racism permeates Venetian society so deeply that eventually Othello internalizes it. These prejudiced views make it impossible for Othello and women in the play to do anything without being looked at through a tainted lens. In modern society, not only does racism and misogyny make the objectification of women and the stereotyping of people of colour possible, it makes it truly debilitating.